《跨文化交際》課件-Chapter5（最終版）

跨文化交際與禮儀InterculturalCommunicationandEtiquette

Chapter5Non-VerbalCommunication

CONTENTSWarm-upActivitiesImportantCulturalPointsKeystoExercisesRelatedCulturalResourcesPart1Warm-upActivitiesQuestiontodiscuss:Ifitwereyou,canyouacceptwhatyourfrienddidtoyou?Part1Warm-upActivitiesQuestiontodiscuss:HowcanyougetDr.Brownfromthefrustratedsituation?CulturalPointsLearningPart2Part2CulturalPointsLearningNonverbalcommunicationTimelanguageSpatiallanguageBodylanguageParalanguage5.1IntroductionDiscuss:Whatisnonverbalcommunicationaccordingtoyourundstanding?9

DefinitionofN-VC

Fourareasitcovers:NonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallbehaviorswordspeopleuseintransmittinghismessagewhencommunicatingwithothersTimelanguage(chronemics);Spatiallanguage(proxemics);Bodylanguage(kinesics);Paralanguage(voicemodulation)NonverbalCommunication5.1.1DefinitionofNonverbalCommunicationRepeating(2)Complementing(3)Contradicting(4)Regulating(5)Replacing5.1.2FunctionsofNonverbalCommunicationNonverbalcommunication

TemporalLanguage(chronemics)SpatialLanguage(proxemics)Bodylanguage(kinesics)Paralanguage(voicemodulation)BodydistanceBodytouchPhysicalappearanceGesturePostureFacialexpressionEyecontactVocalPitchTempoVolumeM-TimeP-Time5.1.3ClassificationofNonverbalCommunication5.2.TimeLanguageM-TimeP-TimepastpresentfutureTimeorientation:Past-oriented:emphasisontraditionPresent-oriented:livingforthemomentFutureoriented:apreferenceforchange5.2.1TimeOrientaionMonochronicTime(M-Time)1viewtimeasalinear,segmentandpromt;2doonethingatatime;3emphasisonschedules;4keepappoinmentsPolychronicTime(P-Time):1morehumancentered2lessrigid,lesstangibleandmoreflexible3doseveralthingsatatime

5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTimePractice

A.6:45 B.7:00 C.7:15 D.7:30or8:00Yourareinvitedtoacocktailpartytonightat7:00.Whenareyousupposedtogetthere?Why?ToanAmericanorCanadianhomeToaGermanorSwedenhomeToaLatinAmericanhome5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTimeCBDSummary

Therearetwotimesystems:MonochronicTime(M-Time)andPolychronicTime(P-Time).NorthernAmerican,WesternandNorthernEuropeanculturesaretypicalM-Timecultures.ThetwostrikingfeaturesofM-Timearepunctualityandpromptness.LatinAmerican,African,ArabandmostAsianculturesareP-Timecultures.Theyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeandthetimeismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTime5.3SpatialLanguageWhat’swrongwiththem?Whathappened?5.3.1PersonalSpace2-3m1.3-3m45-80cm0-45cmBodyDistance5.3.1PersonalSpaceArabsenvelopeachotherintheirbreath.Comfortableanddesirable5.3.1PersonalSpaceBodydistanceShortMediumLongLatinsMediterraneanArabsMediterraneanEuropeansJapaneseAmericansNorthernEuropeans5.3.1PersonalSpaceSummary

Thereare4typesofdistances:intimate,personal,socialandpublic.LatinsandMediterraneanArabsprefershortdistance.AmericansandNorthernEuropeansfondofmediumdistance.JapaneseandMediterraneanEuropeanswouldlikelongdistance.5.3.1PersonalSpaceBodyTouchDon’ttouchMiddleGroundTouchJapanUntiedStatesCanadaScandinaviaOtherNorthernEuropeancountriesAustraliaEstoniaFranceChinaIrelandIndiaMiddleEastcountriesLatin

AmericancountriesItalyGreeceSpainandPortugalSomeAsianCountriesRussia5.3.2TouchingBehaviorEnglish-speakingcountriesAvoidphysicalcontactIftouchaccidentally,makeanapology“Sorry,oh,I’msorry.”“Excuseme.”5.3.2TouchingBehavior(1)PhysicalAppearance(2)Gesture(3)Posture(4)Facialexpression(5)Eyecontact5.4BodyLanguagePostureWhichgirldoyouthinkisprettier,withmake-ups,orwithnomake-ups?5.4PhysicalAppearanceLookatthefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandfindoutthedifferentmeaningsofthetwogestures.5.4.2Gesture5.4.2Gesture5.4.2GestureInBritainorUS,itmeansgood,greatorwell-doneandisalsousedaskingforfreeride.InGermanandJapan,itmeansNumberone.InPersiancultureitishighlyoffensive.InChinaitmeansgreat,good,youarewonderful.Thumbup5.4.2GestureUS:

OKJapanandKorea:

moneyLatinAmericancountriesandGermany:obsceneTunisian:Iwillkillyou.Arabs:

(abaringofteeth)extremehostility

“ok”5.4.2GestureSignoftellingsbtocomecloserAmerican:wavegoodbyeAmericanChinese5.4.2Gestureattentiveandinterested

absent-mindedorlackinginterest

5.4.3PostureStandIn5.4.3PostureInwesterncountries,inconversaiton,thepeoplewhostandusuallymeansheisinthepositionofahighersocialstatus,higherpositioninthecompanyorelderthanhisinterlocutor.InChina,peoplestanduptoshowrespectwhentheyareintroducedtoothers,whereasincertainPolynesiancultures,peoplesitdown

BeseatedIn5.4.3PostureInChina,StandasstraightasapineandsitasuprightasabellInAmerica,slouchWesternculturesemphasis“ladiesfirst”.InChineseculture,werespectforseniority.Mostofthetime,wewillwaituntiltheeldersbesitted.Inclassroom,InanAmericanclassroom,wemayseetheteachersitonthedesk,orhe/shemayputhis/herfeetonchairs.neverhappeninaChineseclassroomUS:

confortable,

friendlyArab/Thailand:thesoleshould

neverbepointedinthedirectionofanotherperson.Germany/Sweden/China:asignofrudenessandpoormaners5.4.3PostureSadnessAngerSurpriseFearEnjoymentDisgustContempt

5.4.4Facialexpressions

Sadness5.4.4Facialexpressions

Mediterraneancoultures:

exaggeratesignsofgrieforsadness—mencryinginpublicAmerican:

suppresstheemotionsJapanese:

hideexpressionsofanger,sorrow,ordisappointment—laughingorsmilingChinese:

controlemotions—savingfaceSmile5.4.4Facialexpressions

American:asignofhappinessorfriendly

affirmationJapanese:maskanemotionoravoidansweringaquestionKorean:toomuchsmilingashallowpersonThailand:thelandofSmiles5.4.5EyeContact

NorthAmericans:directeyecontactasignofhonestyIfnot,asignofuntruthfulness,shameorembarrassmentEnglanguagesaying:Nevertrustapersonwhocan’tlookyouintheeyes.5.5Paralanguage

Paralanguageisacomponentofmeta-communicationthatmaymodifynuancemeaning,orconveyemotion.VocalPitchTempoVolumnKeystoExercisesPart3IIComprehensionCheck

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).______1.AmericansandChinesehaveverydifferentwaysinmanipulatingvolumeofspeech.______2.Peoplehaveafullunderstandingoftheimportanceofparalanguageincommunication.______3.Gesturescanbeparticularlytroublesome.Apositivegestureinoneculturemaybean

insultinanotherculture.

______4.Speakingisjustonemodeofcommunication.Therearemanyothers.______5.Peopleinallculturesusenonverbalgesturestocommunicateconsciously.______6.LatinAmerican,African,ArabandmostAsianculturesareM-timecultures.______7.Arabsbelongtotouchculture.______8.Insomecultures,eyecontactshouldbeavoidedinordertoshowrespectorobedience.______9.Nonverbalcommunicationisusedonlyasameansofsubstitutingforverbal

communicationthatcannotadequatelyconveyanintendedmessage.______10.Nonverbalcommunicationistheprocessofcommunicationthroughbodylanguage.TFTTFFTTFFIII.VocabularyCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowandeachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1.Thebeautifulthingontheworldoftenmakesone___________admiringly.2.Thisbuttonisforadjustingthe________.

3.___________istheuseofmannerofspeakingtocommunicateparticularmeanings4.Theartistaskedhismodeltotakeareclining____________.5.Don't_______!Standupstraight!6.She_______herdisappointmentbylayingherhandonherforehead.7.OneofmycolleaguesexplainedtoherthatChinaisa____________nation.8.Shewastotally___________byhissuddenchangeofmood.9.Iwasnolongerasweet__________littleboy.10,Ifthisofferis__________,Iwillgladlyacceptit.fondlevolume

Paralanguageposureslouchgesturedhospitablebewilderedobedientgenuine

fondleslouchparalanguageposturegestureobedientvolumegenuinehospitablebewilderIV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa1.眼睛是心靈的窗戶2.沉默是金，雄辯是銀。3.人靠衣裝，馬靠鞍4.站如松，坐如鐘5.與時俱進

1.Theeyesarethewindowtothesoul2.Silenceisgolden,butspeechissilver.3.Finefeathersmakefinebirds4.Standasstraightasapineandsitasuprightasabell.5.advancewithtimes

IV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa6.Silencemeansmorethanwordsatthisverymoment7.Firstcome,firstserved.8.Ifyoudrinkwithabosomfriend,athousandcupsarenotenough;ifyouarguewithsomeone,halfasentenceisenough.9.Timeismoney.10.Arealmannevergoesbackonhiswords.6.此時無聲勝有聲7.先到先招待。8.酒逢知己千杯少，話不投機半句多。9.時間就是金錢。10.一言既出，駟馬難追。V.Activities1.SupposeyouareanexchangestudentinAmerican.OneofyourAmericanfriendsinvitesyoutohis/herhouseforhis/herbirthdayparty.Trytousesomespecificexamplestoshowdifferentwaysofnonverbalcommunicationinsuchaninterculturalsituation.Roleplaywithyourpartner.2.SupposeyouaregoingtoinviteyourAmericanfriendsouttodinner,whatistheproperwaytobookatableandsendyourinvitationtoyourAmericanfriends?

VICaseAnalysisSituation1InaChineseclassroomagirlwasaskedtoansweraquestion.Shestoodupandsmiled,withoutmakinganysound.Situation2WhenanAmericanwasparkinghisbikeandthebikeaccidentallyfellover,hefeltembarrassed.WhilethoseChinesepeoplearoundjustlookedathimandlaughed.Situation3Inthediningroom,whenanAmericandroppedaplatequitebyaccidentandfeelsbad,andChineseonlookerslaughed,compoundinghisdiscomfortandcausinghisangerandillfeeling.Questionfordiscussion:Couldyouexplainthemeaningofsmileorlaughineachcase?Case1PartVCaseAnalysisSmilesandlaugherusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasture,joy,andmerriment.ButveryoftenwesternersareconfusedatthesmileorlaughoftheAsians,whichdoesnotnecessarilymeanhappinessorfriendship.InSituation1,thegirlsmiledtocoverherembarrassmentresultingfromnotbeingabletoanswerthequestion.InSituation2and3,thelanguageis,ofcouse,notatthepersonorhismisfortune---whetherhebeaforeigneroraChinese.Itcanconveyanumberoffeelings;don’ttakeitsoseriously;laughitoff,it’snothing;suchthingscanhappentoanyofus,etc.butasmileusuallymeanshappinesstoanAmerican.PartVCaseAnalysisCase2LiLanhadanAmericanfriendSusan.TheyusuallyhadlunchtogetherandLiLanoftenaskedSusanforadviceonproblemsshefacedadjustingtoAmericansociety.SusangaveLiLanalotofadviceandhelpedhertoimproveherEnglish.OnceLiLanneededurgentlyabigsumofmoneytopayhertuitionfee.SinceshehasnootherfriendsintheStates,sheturnedtoSusanforhelpandpromisedthatshewouldreturnthemoneysoon.ToLiLan’sgreatdisappointment,thistimeSusandidn’tseemhappytolendthemoneytoher.ThoughLiLanreturnedthemoneyasshepromised,theydidn’tgetalongwellfromthenon.Questionfordiscussion:HowwouldyouexplainSusan’sbehaviortowardLiLan?PartVCaseAnalysisPeoplefromdiffrientculturehavediffrientunderstandingaboutfriendship.LiLanandSusanhavedifferentexpectationsoffriendship.IntheWest,peopleprefertobeindependent.Friendswillprovideemotionalsupport,buttheyrarelyborroworlendmoney.Instead,theyaskforloansfromthebank.WhileinChina,peopleofferbothemotionalsupportandconcretehelp,includinggivingmoney.AsanAmerican,SusanwouldliketohelpLiLan,butshedidn’texpectLiLanaskformoney,whichgoesagainsttheprincipleofindependence.WhileasaChinese,LiLanconsidereditnaturaltoborrowmoneyfromSusanwhensheneededthemoneyurgently.IfLiLanknowstheUSculturewell,shemaytrytoaskforaloanfromabank;ifSusanknowstheChineseculturewell,shemayhelpLiLanoutfinanciallybylendingherthemoneyVII.VideoWatchingLietome《別對我說謊》Part4RelatedResources

英語里有句格言：Nevertrustapersonwhocan’tlookyouintheeyes.英美人交談時，雙方正式對方，這是正直與誠實的標志。中國人在交談時，不一定要正式對方，甚至有時還會有意避免不斷的目光接觸，以示謙恭，服從或尊敬。雖然英美人習慣交談時正式對方，但他們又討厭那種目不轉睛的凝視，因為這再他們看來是一種非常粗魯的行為，好像他們是物而不是人。然而，凝視在中國人看來有時僅是好奇與驚訝，并非無禮。據研究，人們看到有趣的或喜歡的東西，瞳孔會擴大，而看到不喜歡的或厭惡的東西時瞳孔會縮小。這種現象據說古時候的珠寶商就已經知道。他們能從顧客的瞳孔變化推斷對方是否對貨物有興趣，從而據頂是抬價還是跌價。據說美國商人與中國珠寶商打交道是會戴上墨鏡，以免瞳孔的變化被發現Part4RelatedResources

英美人忌諱從體內發出的各種聲音，特別是咳嗽，噴嚏，抽鼻子，清嗓子，打嗝，放屁，肚子咕咕響等在人際交往時，他們會極力抑制這類功能性發聲，如果做不到，也要立刻道歉。中國人認為這類行為純